Allocation methods: FCFS vs pro-rata

First come, first served (FCFS)

Commitments are accepted in order until the hard cap is reached; then the offering closes. Everyone who got in receives tokens in proportion to what they committed. Fast, but favours whoever acts first.

Pro-rata

Commitments are accepted beyond the hard cap during the window. At close, each participant receives a share of the offering tokens proportional to their commitment, and any SOL above the hard cap is returned proportionally.

Example: hard cap 1,000 SOL, total committed 2,000 SOL. You committed 10 SOL, so 5 SOL is used and 5 SOL is returned.